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The Indo-Aryan languages probably testifies to speakers of an Indic language that never settled on the Indian subcontinent, are a branch of the Indo-European language family. They form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which consists of three other language groups: the Iranian, Nuristani, and Dardic.

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SIL International in a 2005 estimate counted a total of 209 varieties, the largest in terms of native speakers being Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu, about 540 million), Bengali (about 200 million), Punjabi (about 100 million), Marathi (about 90 million), Gujarati (about 45 million), Nepali (about 40 million),Oriya (about 30 million), Sindhi (about 20 million) and Assamese (about 14 million) with a total number of native speakers of more than 900 million.

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